If you want to see the permissions of the /usr/bin/bar directory itself, not its contents, then you need to use the -d command-line argument for ls. The d at the left of the entry for foodir indicates that foodir is a directory. This shows us the contents of the directory bar. Suppose that /usr/bin/bar is a directory. If you want to see the contents of a directory, you also use ls. Finally, the last three characters, r-, display permissions for the other class - any account that is not jsmith and is not in the guest group. The next three characters, r-x, show permissions for the group class of accounts, which is guest in this example. The r indicates read permission the w, write permission and the x, execute permission. The rwx shows the permissions for the user class of accounts - in this case, jsmith. The first character, the -, indicates that /usr/bin/foo is a file, not a directory. The -rwxr-xr- at the left indicates the permissions. In the example, jsmith is the account that owns foo, and guest is the name of the group that owns /usr/bin/foo. For example, to see the permissions of a file named foo in the directory /usr/bin/bar, you would execute:Īnd the command would return something like this: The ls command is used to list files and the contents of directories. For files, these permissions grant these rights:Īllowed to run the file as a process, if possible Directory Permissionsįor directories, the permissions grant these rights:Īllowed to list the contents of the directoryĪllowed to create, modify or delete files in the directoryĪllowed to access a file in the directory if you know the name of the file Viewing File Permissions These three types of permissions mean slightly different things for files than for directories. There are three basic types of permissions which can be assigned to each of these three classes of accounts:
For purposes of permissions, UNIX divides accounts into three classes:Īny permissions group that your account belongs to.Īny account that is not yours and that does not belong to a permissions group that your account belongs to. Linux is a type of UNIX and uses UNIX file and directory permissions. The files and directories in the home directory of your CLAS Linux account can be accessed on computers running the Linux operating system.
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